   Family Case Approach  Family Case Approach Op.Dr. Ersin Oğuz * Gynecologist and Obstetrician - Summary - Introduction - General concepts Family Healthy family The concept of terrorism and family - Family characteristics – Terror relation Effect of the family structure in tending to crime Example position of the family in tendency towards crime and terror Place of the family concept in group dynamics - Importance of the childhood and juvenile period as for their effect on crime and terror Condition of the children of the world Relation between childhood age groups and crime – terror - family Psychopathologies occurring at childhood and juvenile period with the effect of the family Wrong attitudes of the families in puericulture (bringing up children) with regard to crime and terror Special importance of the girl children - Terrorism and family from a doctor’s point of view Medical aspect of terrorist profiles Importance of woman and child health as for terrorism Sexual health and its relation to terror - Conclusion SUMMARY It is an easily predictable fact that the families of the criminals and terrorists contribute their tendency to the actions of crime and terrorism. In this study, the importance of children and young population for terrorist organizations is emphasized and it is considered that the childhood and juvenile period are periods under the influence of the family and findings of different disciplines are gathered together. While behavioral sciences data like childhood – crime relation and juvenile period behavior disorders are collected and they have been assessed together with social data like the family situation in setting an example and the position of the family in the society. Medical and social causes resulting in negativities by impairing the family environment are considered and common manners and conducts of the terrorist organizations in using the negativities in the family in gaining members and having them commit actions and the detective data regarding the subject are stated. While the effects of the family on persons and the society and the effects of the negativities in the family environment on the person during the periods of joining crime and terror are considered, how the domestic factors affect the society afterwards with regard to crime and terror is emphasized. Key words: Family, terror, crime INTRODUCTION Different methods are used to serve the same cause in preventing terrorism. The most important of these initiatives where it is aimed somehow to eliminate terror elements is preventing the tendency of the persons who will carry out and conduct terror to become terrorists. Although preparatory factors like lack of education, economic backwardness, social life and historical development types are effective on the persons, the importance of the raising process of the individual by the family is one step forward beyond question. If there is no situation at an illness level, criminal tendency in these types of persons can be controlled in the family, during preschool and school periods. It should not be forgotten that the family related negativities will increase the crime and terror tendency ratio in the child. GENERAL CONCEPTS Definition of the family “Why do people found families although they have so many difficulties?” Although the misogamists often use that expression, many characteristics in human nature different than other living creatures lead people to search for emotional satisfaction acquired by sociality, strength, wealth, trust, solidarity besides leading them to find partners and breeding. Family concept has differences in respect of social characteristics. Mother, father and the children are the most common elements of the family and absence or abundance of these persons does not change the definition of the family; persons to be together and to share common concerns is the material issue. Family ties consist of a very interesting team spirit and dynamics in which emotional characteristics are dominant. The most important aspect of being a member of the family is to be together without expecting anything in return; problems to occur is inevitable in family organizations based only on self interest. Family relations of persons being happy with the joy of each other, worrying for troubles of each other, taking pride in success of each other are defined as successful family relations. Successful family ties are the indispensable cornerstones of successful societies. Actually regarding the family the matter emphasized all the time is the family being the foundation of the society; however the family is the society itself. The countries must consist of structurally strong families and social factors must be combined with a family integrity. In the most known form of it, mother and father; and sometimes persons at the institutions like educational institutions, work places, military, social welfare associations, school who substitute mother and father; undertake the family task of looking after and protecting. While the places where basic human needs like solidarity, love and affection are met can substitute family environment; nuclear families, as known, consisting of mother, father and the children are those to be considered of prior importance. Family is a school. In this school there are lessons on identity and personality. Family is a harbor; first sheltering port is the embrace of the mother. That is the place where a person feels most secure. Family is like military barracks; the individual learns in these barracks how to protect oneself, and who the friends and enemies are. Family environments are those where love and confidence must be felt the most intense. The family provides the individual, the opportunities of education and health, personal development and gaining the characteristics to cope with life, maybe the most important of all distinguishing who is friend and who is enemy, and many others. People who do not have a family have problems in satisfying this missing basic need; the important point here is that the society being negatively affected because they do not have a family concept or due to the deficiencies of homes without ideal family characteristics. Healthy family For the continuity of a happy family; there are social, emotional and biological requirements. Mutual harmony, following a common way of thinking and living, social and cultural balance are the factors that are indispensable for the peace of the family. When the biological aspect of the person is not considered, most of the time the flaws in the happiness of the family may affect the general society. The biological requirements of being a family may be examined under three groups and these are; health spouses, an appropriate environment and having the desired sexual life. Being a couple, founding a family and the continuity of the family is directly related to keeping these organic characteristics within ideal limits. There is a difference between the continuity of the family and a successful family. If there is no happiness; even the family institution lasts, negative interactions between the spouses and on the children will be unavoidable. Health problems create negative interactions between family members by means of various mechanisms. First of all these is the person providing the economical income of the family not being able to meet the needs of the family like sheltering, nutrition and education due to a health problem. People become more sensitive when their relatives get sick. Most of the time, the idea of not being able to cope with health problems and despair becomes an igniting factor for revolting against the authority. By solving health problems of the family members, life which is the most important value is respected and all family members are affected from that. The most important value to be given to persons is their right to live. Those who are esteemed and feeling themselves valuable will esteem people around them too. What is the family aspect of Terrorism? Terror was etymologically used for the first time as intimidating, daunting by ancient Greek philosopher and historian Xenophon related to daunting enemy population at war time. This concept has become a modern phenomenon by being used at United Nations in 1939; terror expression has started to be used frequently by airplane hijacking events in 1960s and 1970s. Nowadays while some people define terror as practicing violence on unarmed people, some accept terrorism as objecting to the state authority. Unfortunately not having it defined with a single sentence throughout the world prevents a common idea to occur in defining who the terrorists are. Since there are many interests although there is one truth, we encounter unbelievable terrorist activities for interests in today’s world. Although the universal values guide us when determining who the terrorists are, since nobody imputes the word terrorist to themselves, those who commit violent acts and those who have this type of behaviors and actions, even mass murderers do not call themselves as terrorist. In this situation, it results these activities which they define sometimes as seeking remedy and sometimes as despair to be perceived as heroism for some people while it is perceived as terrorist activity for others. When the concepts get mixed up, humaneness and respect to life are the topics that will bring a common sense to make a definition to guide all humanity. No kind of inhumane and disrespectful act against the right to live can be considered just. Since using violence in achieving the purpose will be with the orders and participation of persons and since persons will learn to respect human life first from their families; it cannot be expected from family members loving, esteeming and respecting each other and from persons who were brought up in these types of families to tend to crimes including violence. When the structures of societies of all sizes are composed of families build by these types of love and respect factors, the fact that their personal and social politics shall be far from terrorism shows that the family is the first priority factor in terror even at its definition. RELATION BETWEEN FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS AND CRIME AND TERROR Effect of the family structure in tending to crime Common aspects of the modern terrorist groups whose family structures have been examined are that; they come from separated families, having no father, oppression of father, lack of economy or authority (1). It is inevitable to have disorder occur in societies without ideal family concept. There are some factors required for a family in raising an individual. In cases where these factors are not present or they are affected negatively the ratio of the family to raise an individual with good qualities is low. Most effective factors for criminal tendency up to killing someone else to occur in children are separated parents, poverty, broken family, low cultural and educational level, lack of economy, bad and unhealthy residence, consanguineous marriages, migration and having criminals in the family (2). When we look at all these factors we can see the factors impeding to form a peaceful family structure together. In a study including the children who are forced to crime and committed crime at terror region in Turkey, it was found that; fathers of 25 % of these children and mothers of 65 % of these children are illiterates, 27 % has 9 or more siblings, 35 % has 6 – 8 siblings, 40 % has a monthly income of 150 USD and only 18 % has an income more than that suggested for the hunger limits for a family of 4 persons. 70.7 % of the children participated in the study stated that they had problems in their families and 72 % of them stated that the individuals in the family have problems with communicating with each other. It was revealed that 80 % of these children think that the individuals in the family do not fulfill their responsibilities (3). It was found in another study that 68.8 % the children committed felonies come from crowded families and 56.3 % of those are coming from low socio-economical level families and 56.3 % of those providing for the family are unskilled workers (4). Actually if we think of combating crime and terror as keeping a boat floating, when the buoyancy is not counted it will not be wrong to consider a peaceful family as the backbone of the boat. The effect of the example situation of the family to crime and terror While some of the behaviors learned by observing the family have positive effect on the children, others cause the children to present negative behaviors in the future. Instead of the positive characteristics in the family like helping one another, self sacrifice, honesty; bad examples like malevolence, self interest, dishonesty, egotism, fake behaviors, violence, humiliation, deception unavoidably results in negative behaviors of the child in his or her future life. People practicing and planning tyranny, anarchy, savagery and terror to come from families with these types of negative examples is an indicator of this situation. In the studies of Glueck and Glueck, there has been a comparison between the houses of criminal juveniles and of the juveniles in the control group and it was seen that the houses of the criminals are untidy and neglected. Whereas it was observed that the houses of the juveniles with the same income levels are tidy and well kept. Lack of harmony between parents, troubles between fathers and sons, disciplinary inconsistency are obviously seen in the families of the children committing crimes. Here it may be misleading to restrict the negativities with lack of economy and education. Educated persons from wealthy families also enter crime and terror when they cannot take positive contributions from their families. Today the requirements of the social life and modern age promise a better life. However not being able to limit these requirements damages the relations within the family at unbelievable levels. Effort and time spent for material needs like the desire to be more wealthy or social needs like having a better career sometimes takes all the effort and time required to be spent for the family and contrary to the expectations children of wealthy families also search the satisfaction which they could not find in their families at different places and sometimes even they may consider organizations with violence. The presence of this type of persons is an indication of how important the emotional satisfaction in the family environment is. In order to set a positive example a family has to have education. Primary requirement of having an important influence on the child is to be knowledgeable. This entails the family to have education. Taking mother and father as examples, preschool and school education and social environment are effective in the education process. But even in the process when the persons set an example for their children, their own education process plays the most effective role. If there is no unity and cooperation within the family, it cannot be expected from that family to be successful and to set an example for their children. Lack of harmony within the family, distances between persons will lead to generations that could not realize the beauties of unity and cooperation. When looked at the ease of those carrying out or supporting actions towards impairing unity and cooperation in harming their own society or other societies, the example effect of the family in this sense will become indisputable. The children are affected in their behaviors by whoever they see first, that is, family members. If there is nobody to set an example for the individual when determining his or her characteristics, he or she looks for another way to satisfy this example need. Individuals without a good example can follow the example of persons among their family members or in their environment, who has characteristics of education, intellectuality, nice and effective speaking (5). That is why following an example in the family is an important matter in crime and terror cases. As the child to tend to and to commit acts with violence elements like terror may originate from bad behaviors and experiences in early ages, it is also known that it can be effective by following the example of criminal persons within the family (6, 7). By committing crimes and even participating in terror some family members not only do not set a good example but also may set a bad example and affect and misguide the persons around them. The effect of the family structure on group dynamics and the way Crime organizations approach An important factor in member acquiring of the terrorist organizations is group dynamics. Group means more than one person in interaction. In that sense terrorist groups also affect each other. When persons who are not equipped with sufficient knowledge join to a group, they always stay in the position of being influenced. Individuals who do not have or have a weak collective life culture in the family and who were not supported by their parents in terms of self confidence, have problems in joining a group in their school or work lives and sometimes this plays an important role in joining a terrorist group (8). The first intelligence terrorist organizations gathered for the person they plan to join the group is his or her family structure. Individuals with a team spirit in their families are not suitable for terrorist organizations. That is why they alienate those with strong family ties from their families and an image is formed as if the only fulcrum is the group. If there are persons without warm relations with their families, their hunger for love and attention is used. Negative changes of individuals with strong family ties are observed by their family members and when the juvenile is supported by this natural control mechanism formed, the group dynamics of the terrorist organizations are broken. As the individuals without auto control left without control, alienate to their families; they do not realize the gradual changes in themselves and they may find themselves in an action. Parents never want their children to be in danger and almost all the time the children take their parents into consideration. Therefore there should not be distance between the young and their families. Persons with separated parents or with no family peace may look for the group energy they would take from the family at wrong places. Sometimes the leaders of the terrorist organizations form a family atmosphere and approach the organization members with a good father identity (9). The reason why leaders of terrorist organizations are usually called “father” is that they provide the embracing and authoritarian characteristics which real fathers lacked. IMPORTANCE OF THE CHILDHOOD AND JUVENILE PERIOD AS FOR THEIR EFFECT ON CRIME AND TERROR Condition of the children of the world who do not live in appropriate conditions starting with their families It is not really possible to understand how much the children are affected from terror without empathy. While terrorism is somehow causing children cry all over the world, it seems like these teardrops will never dry out if this global problem is not remedied. Besides child abuse and being used in crimes, living the crime and terror effect directly or getting harmed indirectly are indications of how little the children are cared about in the world of grown ups. It must be thought how the children who were shot, taken far from their houses, left without anybody and who does not know what physical and psychological satisfaction is, will affect themselves and also the people around them in the future. In the world; Eight hundred million children experiencing malnutrition, two million children forced to prostitution, eighty million children left alone, one hundred thousand children in Romania using addictive drugs, five thousand children living on the streets only in Rio de Janerio, a child to die in every three seconds from negative conditions that can be prevented, two million children to die in wars in the last two years and twelve million children to be left homeless in these wars, seven million children to become refugees and many other problems related to children that the world is ashamed of provide information about meeting the physical and emotional needs of the children of the world (10). Children who are taking part in the front lines in the wars and who even do not know why they are fighting for are used as pawns and many babies are born and die in wars due to direct or indirect effects of terror. In any case, being a baby or a child gives a human being the right to be innocent. For this reason, all kinds of crime and terror act against babies and children are unacceptable. In the same manner, since all anti terror methods impairing the family unity of the children will unjustly treat innocent people, no mistake must be done in the name of anti terror; it should be known that besides innocent people harmed, these generations being raised away from their parents will be pregnant with problems. Relation between childhood age groups and family – crime – terror Childhood period is very important and it is expected to be a period passed within the family. Not passing this period, which is important in being inducted into terror and crime, in desired conditions invites negativities. Although it is effective in all periods of life, since the childhood is the period when persons draw a route for themselves, the effect of the family is quite important in these ages especially regarding crime and terror. In crimes committed by children in the 11 – 15 age group those socially important are the violence crimes. There is no doubt that the most important of these crimes are the attempts against life (11). When the age groups of the terrorists are examined, those between the ages of 11 – 25 seem to be the target group of the terrorist organizations (12). Although there are geographical differences for this age group, especially in many places the effect of the family on the individual continues at these ages. 1996 study of Robins on 524 children with an average age of 13 who had behavioral and psychological adaptation problems in order to emphasize the importance of the childhood regarding crime and terror is remarkable. 66 % of these children present adaptation problems in later ages. In a similar study (Mitchell and Rosa 1981), 3210 children have been observed for 15 years and when they become adults at least half of them participated in several, and 10 % of them participated in 8 – 11 criminal events. It is a fact that the ratio for the persons who were not sufficiently provided with the conditions to become good individuals to be affected by persons with negative characteristics will increase. Behavior types and psychological advancements of the child first develop within the family but another important factor for psychological development is the group activities (13). Most important group activities for the persons at early ages are the group activities that they will attend with their families. It is known that learned behaviors at early ages affect personal characteristics; in this respect, it is believed that the social environment especially the family environment is effective in directing our children committing crime as a learned behavior to attempt to the crime of killing people with its economical and social aspects as well as its psychological aspects (14). Psychopathologies, terror and family in the formative period In the study carried out by Glueck and Glueck for determining whether the juvenile will tend towards crime or not, by looking at some factors it is possible to expect in advance with 90 % probability that the juvenile will commit a crime in his or her life in the future. According to that, the factors are the love and concern of the father, disciplinary sense of the father, and love of the mother, supervision of the mother on her child and the peace and order of the family. All of these factors are related to the family. This study on simple offences, casts the idea that maybe the juvenile drawn to crimes like terror are mostly forced to terror by family factors. In the life today some of the children are completely uncontrolled by their families by not being able to balance the freedoms, the individual getting used to live without control thinks as if he or she practices his or her freedoms by violating the lives of others. It is a known fact that the children are affected from computer games and TV. In a study conducted in USA, it is emphasized that the crimes shown on the media while committed without being restricted plays a major role and especially families need to be educated in this subject (15). Children and juvenile inclined to violence acts are defined as repressed, unattended, unsatisfied people trying to solve their family and personal problems in these actions (11). When the lives of people coming from different families with similar social conditions are examined, some of them to become harmful for themselves and for the people around them while others become just the opposite is an indication how much they were affected from their families. There is a wide variety of reasons why the persons have behavior disorders at the ages when the effect of the family is sensed. Personal characteristics and abilities, family structure and family problems of the juvenile, environments where the juvenile and his or her family go, form three main factor groups. These factors are closely related to each other (16). No one turns towards crime and terror with no reason. Therefore the factors effective for being pushed to crime must be handled on time and the problems must be remedied in one way or another. The period within the family which is the period when these factors affect the person forms the most important time period. Glueck’s study on these factors researching the role of the families in crime reveals with scientific data that the family characteristics are definitely preparatory factors. In a study by Gatling in 1950, the research on persons that will feel safe and be happy in the family environment states that the ratio of persons with an unhappiness and insecurity basis, trying to prove themselves by means of violence reaches to 75 % among those who choose violence. Wrong manners of the family Feeling estimable occupies an important position in the life objectives of a human being. Getting the respect deserved in material or moral manner increases the self esteem and motivation of the person and also prevents the person to tend to negativity. The children are the most valuable of all for the parents. It is at least said like that but many parents prefer their household duties, activities in the sense of economy and career, their hobbies and comfort to their children. While individuals with economical difficulties bring those forward for not taking care of their children, wealthy ones state that they could not spend time with their children in order to provide even a better life for their children. The biggest role in forming and loosing self confidence in children belongs to the mother and the father. The self confidence of the children to be broken leads to unhappiness and that causes to pursuit a way for reaching the happiness. Individuals want to be together with people esteeming them; if the parents do not show that they admire their children, especially in the adolescence period the risk of participating in groups with crime and terror elements. It is known that the homicidal crimes come together with participating in gang-like groups at the adolescence period when the desire for being admired is very dense. Unbalance of the behaviors prepares grounds for unwanted situations in the period of raising children requiring an orchestral harmony. The parents not being able to show their concern and love to their children, to overprotect or suppress and sometimes to disown the child makes the child rebellious and aggressive. It is an expected risk for this type of children to be inclined towards violence crimes (12). The most important social environment space for the children is the family. While the family as a concept forms the social environment, the social environment that the head of the family prefers inevitably forms the social environment that the children will live in. It is found that the most effective role in revealing the guilt in homicidal crimes belongs to the social environment (19). Also in the families of the persons with antisocial tendencies, the fathers are inconsistent, insensitive, inconsiderate and selfish and mothers are like helpless, oppressed victims complaining continuously. Juveniles grew up in such a family see themselves as invaluable (16). The most important problem starts there; the first step for harming others without remorse is a person feeling own self invaluable and therefore to easily see the others invaluable too after a certain period of time. Not having a father or being afraid of the father is a part of the childhood stories of many terrorists. In the studies carried out by German and Italian researchers in 1970s it was found that in their families the terrorists did not have required communication with their fathers (20, 21). It is known that there have been problems with the father concept in 70 % of the terrorists captured, some did not have fathers, fathers of some did not come home, left the house and in addition to that in child crimes almost all of them had family problems. It can also be seen from that how important it is for the father to appertain to his house and to be compassionate in combating crime and terror. Although it is said by the parents that for the self confidence of the child to increase and for the child to improve his or her own, keeping the tolerance limit too high and leaving the child as free as possible is for his or her own benefit; this statement is usually only a consolation of the irresponsible parents who do not spare time for their children. In one of the studies of Robins, it was seen that although the discipline within the family sometimes restricts the freedoms, 32 % of the children raised in families with loose discipline practiced and only 9 % of the children which was raised in families with discipline present antisocial tendency. Also supportive behaviors of the parents towards their children participated in crime or terror may negatively motivate the children. For example; if the parents called by the teacher due to indiscipline seems like criticizing their children by saying “This rascal can not be corrected, isn’t he” while petting their back and smiling is understood by the children as a message like “son, I am happy about you, just continue this way”, the juvenile participated in terror action and at the age of family control will conclude as he is not blamed end even supported when a similar attitude and behavior is shown to him or her by the family members. Communities nested with crime to express their violence acts as heroic deeds, to give messages to their children like ‘steal but do not get caught, beat but do not get beaten’ and parents to tell the criminal acts they committed when they were young by secretly praising like ‘we have beaten many persons, those were the days, we were almost caught’ makes those acts encouraging (16). Special importance of the girl children Women to play roles in terror actions and to participate at the final levels like being live bombs seem contrary to the physical and psychological structure of women. However some preparatory factors reveal connections between family, girls and terror. In many societies, in contrary to the boys, girls complete their most important personal development stages until the marriage period in their social environment which is the family atmosphere. Especially if they are not far from their families for education, they get prepared to life as they see in the family. Although it is relative, when compared to boys, girls are expected to be under the influence of the family much more. Psychological condition of especially the women who are in less interaction with other people in their lives is open to be affected more easily when compared to that of the men. This type of girls to be deceived easily and in addition to that not using the mechanisms to protect themselves and not knowing about persons with negative characteristics lead them to be used in crime and terror related matters more easily than men. In case she is seen as a commodity by her education, growth and social view, the woman naturally in the desire to be more qualified and to be seen more valuable will seek various ways for that. The woman who finds herself in terrorist organizations to easily play an active role in the terrorist action is probably the result of not seeing sufficient esteem from her family at her childhood and maturing periods. Although there is differences between societies, in general another reason why the effect of the family is discussed for the girls more than for the boys are the biological and psychological structures of the girls. Men may carry out more aggressive actions due to their physical and psychological characteristics. While men are harming others with rage and rebellion, girls are inclined towards themselves due to their types of being raised and their natures. That is why suicides are often observed in girls. Another way of rebellion for girls is to escape from their houses and to practice uncontrolled sexual relationships (16). Introvert girls or those who carry the risk to escape from their houses have a separate importance for terror. Especially the girls who want to leave the house when they could not get sufficient support from the family may become a material of choice for terrorist organizations. While there is no social and legal restriction imposed on natural sexual life above certain age limits, sexual life is sometimes restricted by the laws or social structures of the countries. Satisfying the needs of present members by using the sexual elements of women and also using the sexuality of women in the name of complimentary love or self sacrifice while gaining members to the organizations, are very well known methods (12). TERRORISM AND FAMILY RELATION WITH MEDICAL VIEW Is becoming a terrorist, a hereditary legacy from the family? Each baby carries the characteristics of its parents when it was born. The children are expected to be physically similar to their parents. Actual reason for the similarities in the nature of persons and their parents is not related to genetic but to the persons following the examples around them. We do not have any evidence known regarding anybody who was born as a terrorist. Therefore it is not a just approach to be prejudiced by suggesting matters like regional characteristics, kinships, religion, language and race, and to mark newborn human beings as if they will be terrorists in the future. It is known that high testosterone levels make persons more aggressive, not having endorphin and serotonin secretion may create unhappy people. It is also known that neuro-chemical substances may cause seizures developing with aggression. Although all these may be the cases that can be genetically transferred, they may also occur as individual results. Although it is mentioned that tendency to violence by hormonal and genetic causes may be seen in some persons, stating this as genetic tendency to terror is a matter which is required to be discussed. Terrorism actions usually make us ask the question if these people are psychologically sick by the ways they are committed. If the terror act is carried out due to a psychological illness, there appears the importance of the family stories of the persons in psychological disorders. Although it is generally said that the terrorists are persons who are mentally sick, common opinion of the researchers on terrorism is that the terrorists do not have psychopathologies. When researched if there is a common mental illness in terrorists, no such data has been found (23, 24). The terrorists have not become terrorists by a genetic disease from their parents, they just could not get enough of the goodness at their maturing period and later on they were brought to the conditions to be directed, and they are persons who have committed crimes against humanity either by using other or by being used by others. Even they are not ill, these persons are at the position of losing the value given to human beings and unfortunately they cause the damage to themselves and to others which cannot be resulted from any illnesses. Importance of woman and child health as for terrorism Woman health is relatively more important than that of men for the peace in the house. The most important aspect of this is related to bringing up the children. When a mother is healthy, that positively affects the baby starting from the pregnancy. Babies born after a healthy pregnancy period complete their psychological and physical developments rapidly. Breast milk contains various immunity substances that will be important for the babies throughout their whole lives. Woman health matters for her surrounding as well as for her own. A healthy woman especially has more time to give to her child. An unhealthy woman is also unhappy. If she thinks that her bad health is a result of her spouse and her deliveries, she may develop a negative opinion against her spouse and her child. An unhealthy woman may present an attitude diminishing self confidence for her children and repulsive for her spouse. Women continuously complaining and thus expecting to be cared may be left alone in the family with a completely opposite reaction. This is a bad example for the children in terms of esteeming people. If the family members followed as an example are a father who does not value even the health of his wife and a mother continuously complaining, the child naturally cannot be happy in that family. In that case, while it is observed that especially the hopes of the girls regarding future are broken, the possibility comes up for them to try any way to stay away from the family in the name of changing the environment with the idea of a bad future waiting for them. In some societies there are many women who are always ill due to their life styles, ways they were raised and lack of care and sometimes identifying themselves with the role of a sick person. While the health problems bring the family members together with a different effect in people with socio-cultural maturity, the happiness caused by unity and cooperation may overcome the sadness from the illness. It is probable for the children who could not complete their physical and social developments within certain conditions and whose certain health problems were not remedied on time, to be open to have their mental capacities negatively channeled by people other than themselves when they grow up. While malnutrition negatively affects the development of the children, not getting the food stuff required for mental development is seen more often. Health problems like anemia and hypothyroid are medical problems that can be easily remedied and when these problems are not cured, it may negatively affect the mental power of the children in the future. To what extent the terrorist organizations use these problems which may be seen as physically healthy and with low mental capacities that cannot be considered as mental illnesses but can be easily solved at the childhood is a fact that must be searched and revealed. Sexual health and its relation to terror We know that the children grew up in a healthy family environment have little tendency towards crime and terror. Since a problematic sexual life between the spouses will negatively affect the healthy family structure, it is possible to say that this very special situation between the spouses will absolutely have indirect effects on the general society. When the effect of the happiness of the family on terror is considered, one of the least spoken factors of terror compared to its importance is the unhealthy sexual life. Husband and wife relationships where the expectations regarding sexual life are not met usually cause the spouses to alienate to each other. However sexuality is a beneficial activity which supports the team spirit of the spouses and causes them to obtain physical and mental satisfaction. Although the levels of development in the societies reveal different ratios in the solution of sexual problems, solutions are not adequately found for various reasons in general by its aspect of protecting the unity and cooperation of the family. Even in the countries that are most advanced in health, women are asked questions about their sexual lives by the doctors at very low ratios (25). Not having an expert team in such an important matter is one of the important factors (26). Besides not having enough doctors in the field of sexual questioning and therapy, in many regions the ability to reach specialist and practitioner doctors is very limited. It is also true that the patients complicate the solution of sexual problems by not telling their problems. A very low ratio of patients tells about these problems before the doctors ask about them. Socioeconomic conditions are effective in expressing and remedying the sexual problems (27, 28, 29). General health problems affect the families. While individual illnesses of the family members are wearisome, problems related to sexuality damage the team spirit and one way of communication between the spouses and leave a negative effect on the group dynamics of the family regarding terror. This happens either by directly affecting and alienating the spouses or by the consequences of its effects on the negative family environment as the children being raised in that family cannot find the appropriate atmosphere. When this is the case, the sexual life must be heeded at the places where health services are given and the matters causing sexual functioning disorders must be examined. Especially starting with the regions inclined to terrorism, health personnel is required to be educated in using the appropriate times for the solution of sexual functioning disorders. Table 1
Sexual education and problems regarding sexuality can only be carried out by professionals. In sexual functioning disorders occurring in both physical and mental problems, especially those of the sexual therapists, mental health professionals, neurologists, gynecologists and urologists that are expert in sexuality related subjects are the ones where the patients with such conditions can be directed (30). Sexual life practiced just as heard and sexual stimulus and needs damaging the unity of the family and occurring by the prevalence of the visual media negatively affects the natural process between the spouses. Staying away from the sexual life by the fear of pregnancy is a prevalent problem at places with low socioeconomic levels. In societies where the family planning responsibilities are attributed to women, sexuality may become a problem for women. The women to refrain from being examined complicate the diagnosis of many illnesses causing sexual problems. Problems related to sexual life are left unsolvable in different ways. One of those is not being able to give or receive adequate health services for various reasons. The patients are generally easily embarrassed and wait for the doctor to ask a question about the matter and the frequency for the doctors to ask that is rather lower than expected. Even in USA having high levels of socioeconomic power, only 14 % of the women were asked about sexuality in the last 3 years (31). Doctors must see the problems of each individual as lined dominoes when they are easing the pain of the patient and must try to solve the problems that the patient could not tell but will have negative reflections on the persons, their families and the society by a chain reaction. Lack of specialist doctors and the doctors to perceive health problems only as the solution of organic problems of the illness, not considering that it will affect the relatives of the patient and the society as well as the patient makes the job complicated. Conclusion It is not possible to get a result when terror is considered as regional. If it is not realized that it is a contagious disease, it may be spread to persons and societies at an unexpected time and place. Since there cannot be terror without the terrorist, it is clear that preventing an individual to become a terrorist is one of the most important elements of combating terror. While being the basic elements of the society adds a separate importance to the families in the position of the cells of our globalizing world, in the micro plan family concept is the very first priority matter that must be handled to determine common action policies not only for the countries but for the world. Within this context, the education must not be limited with the school and the education policies towards the family concept must be revised. It has to be imposed that the ideas like getting wealthier or having a better career to come before the idea of living as a happy person may make people unhappy in the short and long term by pulling ahead the time spared for the family. Constructive aspects of unity and cooperation must be prioritized starting from the family for healthy societies. It is an expected result that the generations observing and learning that the love, tolerance, peace, forgiveness, kindness and compassion are practiced as principles in the family environment stay away from the ideas of violence. If mothers and fathers feel like they are not adequate, they must ensure that their children contact people that will set right examples for them. Physical health and especially sexual health is very important. It most not be forgotten that it is an element to be considered in combating crime and terror. Physical conditions impeding the sexual life which is required for the happiness of the family must be removed. While treating cases of family planning, women illnesses, suitable birth conditions, and infections, uterus prolapse, and menopause impeding sexual life; it must be known that these will be reflected in some way to the general peace of the society. When looked at an organization by considering the group dynamics, it can be understood whether it is a terrorist organization or an interest group or not. The opinions of the organizations or their leaders regarding family, whether they care the concepts of mother and father points out whether that organization will use persons for their own benefits or not. References 1- Stephen J. Morgan, The Mind of a Terrorist Fundamentalist: The Psychology of Terror Cults (Awe-Struck E-Books, 2001). 2- Uygur, N.; Geyran, P.Ç.; Türkcan, S.; Gençlerde Homosidial davranış. (Homicidal behavior in juveniles) 2. Çocuk ve Adolesan Psikiyatrisi Kongresi (2nd Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Congress), İstanbul, Kongre Bildirim Kitabı (Congress Papers Book), pp. 105 (1993) 3- www.bianet.org/2006/07/01_c/1288.htm) 4- Birgül Tüzün ve Ark İst Tıp Fak Mecmuası 61:1, 1998 5- Ing Thomas Robins, Cults, Convents, and Charizma: The Sociology of New Religious Movements (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1988) 6- Lundy, M.S.; Pfohl, B.M.; Kuperman, S.: Adult Criminality Among Formerly Hospitalized Child Psychiatric Patients. J-Am-Acad-Adolesc-Psychiatry, 32:568 (1993) 7- Yavuzer, H.: Çocuk ve Suç. Remzi Kitabevi, 7. Basım, İstanbul, s. 57, 75, 103, 146 (1994) 8- Salman Akhar, “The Psycodynamic Dimension of terrorism, “Psychiatric Annuals, vol. 29, no.6, June 1999, pp. 350-355. 9- Margaret Thaler Singer and Jansa Lalich, Cults in Our Midst: The Hidden Menace 10- UNICEF Forecasts www.erzurumemniyet.gov.tr/htmlçocukvesuç.asp 11- Yörükoğlu, A; Değişen Toplumda Aile ve Çocuk. Özgür yayın Dağıtım, 4. Baskı, İstanbul, s. 212 (1992) 12- http://www.ankara.pol.tr/html/guven/teror/g_nasil_kazaniyor.php 13- Donelson R. Forsythy Group Dynamicsy 3rd edition (Belmonty CA: Brooks Cole,1999). 14- Tüzün, B.; İnce, H.; Çöpür, M.; Elmas, İ.: İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 61: 1,1998 15- Fulgınıtı, A.V.: Violance and Children in United States. AJDC, 146, 671 (1992) 16- Yörükoğlu, A.: Gençlik Çağı (Adolescent Age). Özgür Yayınları İstanbul (1989) 17- Yörükoğlu, A.: Çocuk Ruh Sağlığı (Child Mental Health). Özgür Yayınları İstanbul (2000) 18- Yörükoğlu, A.: Değişen Toplumda Aile ve Çocuk (Family and Children in the Changing Society). Özgür Yayınları İstanbul (1997) 19- Shepherd, J. P.; Farrington, D. P.; Preventing Crime and Violence. BMJ, 310, 271 (1995) 20- Herbert Jager, Gerhard Schmidtchen, and Liselotte Sülllwold, Analysen zum Terorismus 2: Lebenlaufanalysen (Darmstadt, Germany: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1981) 21- Franco Ferracuti, “Psychiatric Aspects of Italian Left Wing and Right Wing terrorism,” presented at the VII World Cogress of Psychiatry, Vien, Austria, 1983 22- Eng Andrew Silke, “Cheshire-Cat Logic: The Recurring Theme of Terrorist Abnormality in Pschological Research” Psychology, Crime and Law, vol 4, pp. 51-59 23- Ing Jerrold M.Post, “Terrorist Psycho-Logic: Terrorist Behoviar as a product of Psychological Forces” in Water Reich (ed.) Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, ideologies, Theologies, States of Mind (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Pres, 1998), pp.25-40 24- Martha Crenshaw. “The Psychology of Terrorism:An Agenda for the 21st Century” Political Psychology, vol. 21, no.2, June 2000, pp. 405-420 25- The Pfizer Global Study of Sexual attitudes and Behaviors. Available at: http://www.pfizerglobalzstudy.com/study/study-results.asp 26- World Health Organization. The international Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems. 10th rev. Geneva Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1992. 27- American Association of Retired persons. Modern Maturity Sexuality Study. Available at: http://research.aarp.org/health/mmsexsurvey.pdf 28- Montejo AI, Llorca G, Izquierdo JA, et al. Sexual dysfunction secondary to SSRIs: a comparative analysis in 308 patients. Actas Luso Esp Neurol Psiquiatr Cienc Afines 1996; 24:311-21. 29- Marwic C.Surveys says patients expect little physician help on sex. JAMA 1999; 281:2173-74. 30- Basson R. Sexuality and sexual disorders. Clinical Updates in Womens Health Care 2003; 11:1-94. 31- Sexuality Reproduction & Menopouse, December 2004, Vol. 2, No 4, pp. 200-204 |
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